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Deepfakes and the Limits of Law: A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Frameworks in the U.S., EU, and China

by Christine Lumen
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Journal of Advanced Artificial Intelligence
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 2 - Number 3
Year of Publication: 2025
Authors: Christine Lumen
10.5120/jaai202550

Christine Lumen . Deepfakes and the Limits of Law: A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Frameworks in the U.S., EU, and China. Journal of Advanced Artificial Intelligence. 2, 3 ( Nov 2025), 1-7. DOI=10.5120/jaai202550

@article{ 10.5120/jaai202550,
author = { Christine Lumen },
title = { Deepfakes and the Limits of Law: A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Frameworks in the U.S., EU, and China },
journal = { Journal of Advanced Artificial Intelligence },
issue_date = { Nov 2025 },
volume = { 2 },
number = { 3 },
month = { Nov },
year = { 2025 },
pages = { 1-7 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://jaaionline.phdfocus.com/archives/volume2/number3/deepfakes-and-the-limits-of-law-a-comparative-analysis-of-regulatory-frameworks-in-the-us-eu-and-china/ },
doi = { 10.5120/jaai202550 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2025-11-25T23:20:52.571007+05:30
%A Christine Lumen
%T Deepfakes and the Limits of Law: A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Frameworks in the U.S., EU, and China
%J Journal of Advanced Artificial Intelligence
%V 2
%N 3
%P 1-7
%D 2025
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

The prolific rise of deepfakes has introduced new concerns, which in turn has intensified calls for a universal framework and more robust regulatory measures. Yet global regulatory responses remain fragmented. This paper investigates why regulatory divergence persists by integrating comparative legal analysis with Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory. This paper is based on legislative frameworks from the United States, the European Union, and China and analyzes enforcement practices and cultural factors that shape regulatory design. The findings show that cultural values, such as power distance, individualism–collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance, significantly shape each region’s tolerance for intervention and enforcement styles. The paper argues that harmonization cannot rely on uniform laws. Methodologically, the paper adopts a comparative legal analysis combined with Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory to explain how national values shape what regulatory solutions are considered politically and socially legitimate. The paper contributes to ongoing debates by demonstrating the need for cross-border hybrid regulatory models that balance innovation, human rights, and accountability.

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Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Deepfakes synthetic media deepfake regulation AI governance hybrid regulatory frameworks cross-cultural regulation Hofstede’s cultural dimensions comparative legal analysis

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